The Role of a Trainer / Assessor Free Essays

The job of a Trainer/Assessor In my feeling, the job of a mentor/assessor is:- * Liaise with customers/students and the supporting association. * Completing Individual learning plans with students. * Preparing meeting plans/Scheme of work. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Role of a Trainer/Assessor or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now * Conducting enlistments where suitable. * Delivering of instructional meetings. * Carry out coordinated meetings. * Conduct appraisals and tests. * Marking students work and giving input to students on progress all through the course. * Complete appraisal results shapes that must be submitted to granting bodies inside the expressed cutoff time. Complete course reports that must be submitted to granting body inside the predetermined cutoff time. * Maintain learners’ participation records. * Handing out endorsements toward the finish obviously and submitting assessment to the granting body at the necessary time. * Carrying out obligations including assortment of enrolment frames that are sent to focal organization by determined occasions. * A coach/assessor is required to screen the conduct of students and prompt administration where occurrences which makes concern staff or students. Such issues may incorporate segregation, harassing, value issues, language and education issues that are influencing understudy execution. * Monitor study hall wellbeing and OHS issues (Duty of Care) and advices of issues that should be accounted for follow up in premises that have been given by customers. * Must consistently source out methods of giving assistance and backing to students. * Must have a comprehension of the Equality Act with the capacity to define limits. * Excellent Time the executives ability Plan for initial 30 days at work| Week 1| Date| Topics| Details| Time| Notes| MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday| Getting to know the ethos of the association, | * Understand the standards and guidelines * Who are my students/my customer bunch * My obligations and work structure * Get to know my supervisor/verifier and partners * Work materials and assets accessible to me * Start building organizers for student/customers * Go through the rundown of students/Clients * Booking coordinated meetings * Sending out letters where required. 9:00am to â€â€pm| (1) It is significant for me to comprehend the principles and guidelines of the association with the end goal for me to realize the limits set for students and me. | (2) Important to see how my outstanding task at hand and obligations has been organized, set targets, cutoff times and so forth | (3) Meeting the group, seeing and seeing how they work is valuable and will direct me. A gathering with the verifier is significant. | (4) Imperative to perceive w hat work materials that I have to utilize and what assets that are accessible for my students and I. | (5) If there is a rundown of customers effectively, seeing the rundown of students and their documents will be valuable. | (6) Booking students to meet with me for a balanced meeting to finish singular learning plans and becoming more acquainted with one another and their necessities. | | | Week 2| Date| Topic| Details| Time| Notes| MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday| Initial evaluations and planning| * Getting to know my students/customers. Understanding their needs * Agreeing achievements with students * Planning and sourcing different preparing materials and assets for my students/customers * Planning instructional meetings/appraisals * Booking instructional courses/evaluations * Consulting with the board/verifier to give and addition feedbacks| 9:00am to â€â€pm| (1) The arrangement is to see roughly 7 students for each day booked at 30 minutes stretches. | (2) U sing the balanced data to source out what assets and bolster required for every student/customer. | (3) A plan for the instructional meeting to begin, it needs to incorporate different strategies to incorporate all students, I. e, visual, sound, freebees and games. | (4) Booking in house instructional meetings, gathering and individual meetings, source out the necessities and work materials for every student. | (5) Consulting with verifier and the board to guarantee that I am destined for success. | | | | | Week 3| Date| Topics| Details| Time| Notes| MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday| Start of preparing/evaluations. | * Start first instructional meeting * Hand students criticism structure to rate meeting * Next meeting with student * Agree on audit dates * Updating of students information base * Send the board inputs * Liaise with the executives/verifier. * Prepare for the following day. | 9:00am to â€â€pm| (1) The measure of customers found in seven days for preparing will rely upon the measure of customers in bunch meetings or a balanced meetings and areas. | (2) Review dates will be on a fortnightly arrangement or as planned by the association. | (3) At the finish of every meeting/day students information base must be refreshed. | (4) Ensure criticisms are turned in and liaise with line chief. | (5) Make calls to students to be visited the following day to guarantee they recall the arrangement, liaise with their chiefs to guarantee that the meeting is still alright t o go on. | (6) Ensure that all learning materials and assets for the following day meetings are prepared. | (7) Liaise with the executives/verifier for criticism and bolster where required. | | | | Week 4| Date| Topics| Details| Time| Notes| MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday| | Training sessions| * Continue instructional meetings * Making arrangements for new meetings and booking survey dates. * Liaising with the executives/verifier. * Ensuring assets and work materials accessible. * Complete all reports. * Assess learner’s work * Update learner’s database. Affirming next day’s arrangements. | 9:00am to â€- pm| | (1) Continue instructional courses and re-topping on past meeting, affirming the following meeting. | (2) Ensure surveys are reserved with students, convey messages to inform/remind students. | (3) Review students work turned in. | (4) Ensure that all reports are finished regularly to maintain a strategic distance from overabundance and mi sfortune. All students database must be refreshed each opportunity new data comes in and after each audit, evaluation or test. | (5) Always guarantee that there are work materials and assets accessible for students. | (6) Ensure that all delegates for the following day are affirmed, a re-booking ought to be made around the same time of accepting a dropping. | (7) Ensure correspondence with verifier/the executives, complete inputs, submit criticisms and so on | | | | Week 5| Date| Topics| Details| Time| Notes| MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday| Training and Review meetings. * Conduct instructional meetings * Start first survey meeting utilizing singular learning plan. * Provide criticisms and set new achievements. * Complete students database * Liaise with the executives/verifier. * Book meetings and affirm next day’s meetings/gatherings * Complete every required report. | 9:00am to â€- pm| (1) Ensure that there is an input from students after every meeting. | (2 ) Ensure all surveys are done immediately, reasonably, with positive and urging notes to it. Set new objectives after a survey of past objectives set in the individual learning plan. Receive the PSP Mode. | (3) Ensure learner’s database is finished and booked next audit meeting and balanced mentoring if need be. | (4) Ensure all reports are finished speedily and accurately. | | | | | Week 6| Date| Topics| details| Time| Notes| MondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFriday| Training, Reviews and Tests| * Continue instructional meetings. * Continue audits, setting new achievements and giving inputs. Set Tests where required relying upon granting body. * Liaise with the executives/verifier. * Book new arrangements and affirm next day’s arrangements. * Update Learners database * Complete different records required. | 9:00am to â€- pm| (1) Set tests when required to do as such by verifier and the executives. | | | | | | | The most effective method to refer to The Role of a Trainer/Assessor, Papers

The Clinton Health Plan Essays - Rodham Family,

The Clinton Health Plan The human services circumstance in the United States is in critical need of a change. The United States spends more cash on human services per person than some other country on the planet (14%of its GNP in 1991), and that sum is rapidly rising. Essentially everybody, from specialists to lawmakers, perceive the awkward circumstance of human services in America, and figure it out that something must be finished. So as to endeavor to address the disappointments of the present human services circumstance, one must comprehend the issues that prompted the decay of the human services framework. Maybe the fundamental issue with medicinal services today is that there are 37 million Americans without protection, and another 20 million are underinsured Another huge issue with the manner in which human services is by and by composed is - as Clinton supportively brings up - squander. Some basic models are: Desk work: There are a great many insurance agencies in the US, and every one has numerous structures for specialists and patients to round out. To such an extent, that specialists invest more energy improving their penmanship than mending individuals. Avarice and Profiteering: Some medication organizations make over 10,000% benefit on the medications they make. In 1991, the middle salary of specialists was $139,000 for general professionals and $512,000 for experts. Unneeded Surgery and Tests: Possibly 15 to 35% of particular sorts of activities and tests are unneeded. Negligence Suits and Guarded Medication: Doctors pay high premiums on negligence protection which causes them to charge more. The explanation that these premiums are so high is on the grounds that right now there are for all intents and purposes no restrictions to a sum that can be sued for torment and harms. Cautious medication - methods done to secure specialists from being sued - is costing this nation incredibly. Perceiving that waste is probably the best reason for the significant expenses in social insurance, Clinton has acquainted an arrangement with modify the human services framework by disposing of waste, and ensuring that each and every American can be secured by a wellbeing plan. Clinton's arrangement depends on three premises. To start with, that there is sufficient squander in the present medicinal services framework to take care of the expenses of his new arrangement. Second, that his arrangement will make rivalry inside the protection industry. Last, that his arrangement can set a limit for protection costs. The center of's Clinton will likely set up territorial wellbeing unions, which would purchase protection in the interest of thousands of shoppers. A seven-part National Health Board will be set up to examine the wellbeing unions. The wellbeing partnerships would be constrained by the National Health Board by having value tops on the premiums, and by guaranteeing that the wellbeing unions will acknowledge all candidates including those that are high-chance. Every wellbeing union will have three or four distinct alternatives (HMO, charge for administration, and mix plans) which the purchasers could browse. On account of the utilized, the protection would be paid 80% by the bosses and 20% by the representatives. On account of independently employed and non-utilized, they would need to pay the full expense of the premiums by themselves, except if they meet all requirements for government appropriations. The Clinton plan likewise will confine what kinds of tasks are secured, furthermore, it puts limitations on to what extent an individual can remain in an emergency clinic, nursing home, or recovery focus. It would likewise control the wages of authorities, and the costs of medications. In general, what Clinton's medicinal services plan will do is put tops on protection premiums in this way causing rivalry between back up plans. It will likewise extraordinarily lessen the loss by: diminishing the desk work hugely by having less insurance agencies; evacuating pointless systems by setting boundaries for the protection. It will likewise diminish ravenousness and profiteering by setting boundaries for specialist's compensations and on medicate costs. The Clinton medicinal services plan isn't without its deficiencies. One of the serious issues is that it accept that there is a colossal measure of squander in the present framework, yet numerous individuals state that that is an over supposition. Another issue is that overseen rivalry, (an endeavor to make rivalry in the human services advertise) probably won't work in the wellbeing care industry since everything is shrouded in premiums, and there is a third backhanded gathering (insurance agency), which does all the purchasing and selling of wellbeing administrations. Another issue, which isn't an issue with the arrangement itself rather with getting it passed, is that there are numerous gatherings contradicted to the Clinton plan. Numerous government officials don't care for Clinton's arrangement

Credit Card Cash Advances Can Flag You as Risky

Credit Card Cash Advances Can Flag You as Risky Credit Card Cash Advances Can Flag You as Risky Credit Card Cash Advances Can Flag You as RiskyTaking out too many cash advances can hurt your customer profile with your credit card company.If you’ve ever needed money in a hurry, you may have used your credit card to take out a cash advance. But you also may have heard that taking out too many cash advances on your credit card could flag you as a risky borrower.While a cash advance may present itself as a nice perk of your credit card, here are some risks you should consider before punching in your code at the ATM.Cash advances vs. standard credit card purchasesWhen you spend money on a credit card, the amount you spend is added to your open balance on the card. After a 30-day grace periodâ€"which is standard on most traditional cardsâ€"you will start to accrue interest on that purchase.With regular credit card transactions, money doesn’t change hands; you swipe your card, and money exchanges electronically. But with a credit card cash advance, you can use your card to take ou t physical cash from an ATMâ€"and the amount you withdraw is added to your open balance.There are a couple other key differences between credit card cash advances and regular credit card transactions. For one, most cards charge a cash advance fee, usually a few dollars or a small percentage of the amount you withdraw, whichever is higher. That fee is also added to your open balanceâ€"similar to when you are charged a cash withdrawal fee at an ATM.Next, your card has a separate cash advance limit that’s smaller than your total credit limit on the card. This means you are limited to how much money you can withdraw through a cash advance. Cash advances also come with a different, higher annual percentage rate (APR) from your normal transactions, making the relative cost of an advance even higher.Last, credit card cash advances do not usually come with any kind of grace period. The moment the transaction hits your open balance, it starts accruing interest.Will credit card cash advance s get you flagged?You will not be penalized for taking out a cash advance any more than you would be for simply spending more money on your card. Credit card cash advances are simply recorded on your credit report as a change in your credit card balance. However, credit card cash advances can get you flagged by your credit card company. If they see that you are taking out a lot of cash advances, their credit model could flag you as a riskier borrower. This will limit the kinds of perks and benefits you receive on that cardâ€"and it could lead to your total cost of credit increasing.Monica Eaton-Cardone, owner COO of Chargebacks911, laid out how too many cash advances taken out on your card can affect your standing as a customer, especially if you can’t pay back the amount you borrow:“Simply, if you cant afford the amount withdrawn from your account and arent able to pay it off within a couple of months, youll be classified as a riskier borrower,” she said. “Any form of deli nquency will increase the perception of risk, as lenders dont trust individuals who cant fulfill their current financial responsibilities.”The relationship between cash advances and credit scoresWhile credit card cash advances don’t have a direct effect on your credit score, irresponsible credit card use is a big reason why people end up with bad credit, relying on no credit check loans and payday loans to get by when they have an unexpected bill or expense.“If you decide to get an advance, make sure you will have enough to cover the interest and cash advance fee within a reasonable timeframe,” said Eaton-Cardone. Also, if you receive something in the mail that says credit card checks, understand these are not the same as standard banking checks; these usually are treated as cash advances.There are two factors that make up almost two-thirds of your total credit score: Your payment history, which comprises 35 percent of your score, and your total amounts owed, which makes up an additional 30 percent. And a big part of your total amounts owed is your credit utilization ratio, which   measures how much of your total credit limits you are using. A person whose outstanding credit card balance is 80 percent of their total credit limit is not using credit as responsibly as someone who never spends more than 20 percent of their limit.To put it simply: Using credit card cash advances regularly means borrowing more money at higher rates than normal, both increasing your total debt load and your cost of borrowing. That is a recipe for tanking your credit utilization ratio, which will, in turn, tank your credit score.And if those additional loads lead to you paying your bills late, the effect on your score will be even worse. Even one late payment can really hurt your credit score. Cash advances can be useful if you are truly in a “cash-only” jam, but, but before you borrow the money, be wary of the true and total cost.  |  InstagramContributorsMonica Eaton-Ca rdone is the owner, cofounder, and chief operating officer of Chargebacks911, a global company dedicated to preventing chargeback fraud; eliminating cyber-shoplifting; and safeguarding the e-commerce experience for retailers, banks, buyers, and sellers. Chargebacks911 manages billions of online transactions annually and has helped its clients recover more than US$1 billion in disputed revenue. Monica is also the author of Chargebacks for Dummies. Follow her on Twitter @chargebacks911.

A Brief Note On The American Civil War - 1203 Words

1. In your afterword, you make an amusing apology to your husband, a well-known writer and Civil War afficionado, for your previous lack of appreciation for his passion. Although you say you’re not sure â€Å"when or where† it happened, would you talk a bit about your change of heart and what led to your new and profound interest in the American Civil War and eventually to the writing of March? In the early 1990s we came to live in a small Virginia village where Civil War history is all around us. There are bullet scars on the bricks of the Baptist church where a skirmish took place; we have a Union soldier’s belt buckle that was unearthed near the old well in our courtyard. The village was Quaker, and abolitionist, but in the midst of the Confederacy. The war brought huge issues of conscience for the townsfolk, a few of whom sacrificed their nonviolent principles to raise a regiment to fight on the Union side. It was thinking about the people who once lived in our house, and the moral challenges the war presented for them, that kindled my interest in imagining an idealist adrift in that war. I am gripped by the stories of individuals from the generation Oliver Wendell Holmes so eloquently described when he said: â€Å"In our youth our hearts were touched with fire.† I’m still not all that interested in the order of battles, I still drive Tony crazy by failing to keep the chronology straight, and offered the choice between a trip to the dentist and another midsummer reenactment, it’dShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On The American Civil War920 Words   |  4 Pagesconsequence of the American Civil war is that it was the largest catastrophe in American history. â€Å"Approximately one in four soldiers that went to war never returned home.† There weren’t any cemeteries, burial details or messengers of loss. The army didn’t have the mechanisms needed to handle the amount of deaths the nation was gonna experience. It was the bloodiest conflict and there had been an unprecedented violence of battles such as Gettysburg, Shiloh and Antietam. â€Å"The Civil war was America’s costliestRead MoreA Brief Note On The American Civil War1540 Words   |  7 Pages The American Civil War is the bloodiest war in American history, claiming the lives of 720,00 solider and an indeterminable number of civilians. But these four years were a larger battle for survival against a third unseen enemy: disease. A battle that took two out of three soldiers from disease; most commonly pneumonia, dysentery, typhoid, tuberculosis, smallpox and malaria. Malaria was a constant threat to humans in all places with infected mosquitos. 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From the colonial period in America where the institution of slavery began, through the period of the revolution whereby blood was shed to validate the notion that all men were created equal (yet slavery existed in all thirteen colonies), to the era of the Civil War itself, it is undoubtedly clear thatRead MoreHalf Slave And Half Free Essay1277 Words   |  6 Pageseruption of the Civil War. According to Levine, tension arose due to conflicting interests in the depths of the free-labor based economy of the North and the slave-labor based economy of the South which boiled up to a point that led the newly formed nation to a civil war. Levine starts off by giving a brief history of slavery and shifts to discussing the way in which it revolutionized the economy of America, and the role that it conveyed in the conflicts leading up to the Civil War. Slavery was crucialRead More Dorothea Dix Essay946 Words   |  4 PagesDix’s beliefs in to context. One of the links is to Notable American Unitarians and further directs the reader to biographies for people such as Frank Lloyd Wright, Linus Pauling, Adlai Stevenson, e.e. cummings and Pete Seeger. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;http://www.ana.org/hof/dixxdl.htm. This website for the American Nursing Association gives a very brief overview of Dix, relating to her induction into the ANA Hall of Fame in 1976. It notes that although she had no formal nursing training, she wasRead MorePresident Abraham Lincoln Delivered One Of The Most Famous Speeches1698 Words   |  7 PagesNovember 19, 1863 was the day when at the time President Abraham Lincoln delivered one of the most famous speeches in the American History. Lincolns brief but was powerful, Gettysburg Address described the United States as being a pivotal crossroads. While Lincoln credited with creating the â€Å"Government of the People, by the people,† it was really for the older countries. A while after Lincoln was invited to make a few remarks at a ceremony consecrating a new cemetery for the Union Soldiers. That

Racial Diversity In Chamblea - 1686 Words

Chamblee, GA is a largely Hispanic enclave found in the predominantly Black metro area of Atlanta all within the state of Georgia, a southern, predominantly White state. Chamblee was incorporated in 1908 around a railroad junction and eventually grew into a predominantly White blue collar town. However, after the number of factory jobs declined in the area, White workers left for the north in droves looking for work. This was followed by reduced housing prices in Chamblee that attracted mostly Hispanic and immigrant workers who worked in the Atlanta metro area. As this population continued to increase, different, predominantly White communities, pressured county and state officials to make their areas cities. These communities benefitted†¦show more content†¦1). Growing up, I perceived myself as a minority in a predominantly Hispanic and to a lesser extent Asian area based solely on the restaurants in the area and how often I would see Spanish and an East or Southeast Asian script on the sign for a store. The latter is seen in the fact 55.9% of the population spoke Spanish or Spanish Creole and 87% of this group spoke English â€Å"less than well,† indicating it may be at least a second language for them. Asian and Pacific Island language speakers makeup 5.2% of the population, however, a greater degree of assimilation was seen in this group with only 64.4% of this group indicating they spoke English â€Å"less than well.† Another factor in this is that over 60 percent of the population (61.3%) is foreign born with the vast majority (90.8%) speaking Spanish or Spanish Creole at home. A quarter mile from my house there was an entire plaza of Southeast Asian stores and restaurants and a half mile away was another, larger plaza with mostly Mexican and other Central American businesses and spaces. In spite of this economic activity, the two thirds of residents rented rather than owned their homes and nearly 80% of the total population lived i n these units. Additionally, 82.1% of the Spanish speaking population over the age of 25 have earned less than a highschool diploma. Such data are emblematic of the relationship between being a person of color in this country and the barriers to

Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom Free Essays

Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom with comparison to the United States HSM-310 Introduction to Health Services Management Course Project Date submitted: 10/18/2009 Table of Contents Executive Summary Population and Health Status†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Demographic characteristics of population Mortality, Infant mortality data, causes of death *Availability of Health Services* Basic organization/general description of services institutions, providers of care Issues related to access Utilization of services (data, if available) Other related information/analysis Expenditures How are health services paid for; any roles for the government here Data on total expenditures *Macro environmental influences on the health care system* Public Private *Summary comments* Problems Opportunities Other related comments regarding this country’s health care services Comparison to the United States: what works better, what is not working as well†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom or any similar topic only for you Order Now Concluding comments: Lessons learned for the U. S. , other countries†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Bibliography (required)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Executive Summary The United Kingdom’s population is growing and the people are living longer, this could be due to the fact that healthcare is free and people are using it when they need it and not waiting to see a doctor when they can afford it. However, with the growing size of the population the cost of healthcare is rising and the need for funding the tax financed health plan needs to be reformed. Hopefully by seeing what other countries use to have a successful health care plan the UK can implement some of their ideas with their own and ucceed at having an efficient and effective health plan that delivers the highest quality of health care. Population and Health Status in the United Kingdom The Office of National Statistics reported that the population in the United Kingdom (UK) was 61. 4 million people in mid-2008, which is a 408,000 increase from the year before. The rise in population over the past 12 months is not due to migration but to the increased number of birth s and the decreased number in deaths (ONS, 2008). It seems that the people in the UK are living longer and leading healthier lifestyles than in the past. The life expectancy at the time of birth for males is 76. 52 years and 81. 63 for females, and the infant mortality rate is 4. 85 deaths per 1000 births (Flag Counter, 2009). Below are the top ten leading causes of death in the United Kingdom: Ischemic heart disease Lower Respiratory infections Cerebrovascular disease Trachea, bronchus, lung cancers Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Colon and rectum cancers Breast Cancer Alzheimer and other dementias Prostate Cancer 10. Lymphomas, multiple myeloma (WHO,2009) Here in the US we share many of these leading causes except for Lymphomas and Prostate cancer, we add traffic accidents and diabetes mellitus. I would assume this is because Americans drive more than the British and that the general population of the US is overweight, which is a leading cause of diabetes. The US and the UK share nearly the same life expectancy and the infant mortality rate is a bit higher here in the US. Overall the US and the UK share little difference when it comes to life expectancy, infant mortality and the leading causes of death. Availability of Services The UK has a National Health Service (NHS) that is a publicly funded health care service. The NHS is divided into two different sections: primary and secondary care. The primary care section consists of General practice physicians, dentists, optometrists and pharmacist, the primary care section is referred to as the Primary Care Trust (PCT). The Secondary section is made up of acute or elective healthcare options, such as emergency and urgent care, ambulance and surgery, these acute services are referred to as NHS trusts. The PCT oversees around 29,000 GP’s and 18,000 dentists, there are around 175 acute NHS trusts, 60 mental health NHS trusts and 1600 NHS trusts hospitals. Emergency vehicles are also provided by an NHS ambulance services trusts; there are 11 of these ambulance services trust in England (NHS, 2009). The healthcare facilities are basically the same as they are here in the US; there are hospitals, clinics, urgent care facilities, doctor’s offices and pharmacies. The main concern with the access of healthcare in the UK is the waiting times to be seen by a specialist after being referred by a primary physician. In England the wait time is around 18 weeks to see a specialist. Many patients in the UK have said that there is difficulty in accessing GP on the weekends or after-hours as well. As with other nations the UK also has a shortage of healthcare workers which increases the wait times and the quality of care that patients are receiving. The main focus of the NHS is to provide the highest quality of care as well as decreasing the wait times and adding more healthcare facilities. Expenditures The NHS was built on the ideal that healthcare should be provided to everyone regardless of wealth. With the exception of charges for some prescriptions and optical and dental services, the NHS remains free at the point of use for anyone who is resident in the UK. It covers everything from antenatal screening and routine treatments for coughs and colds to open heart surgery, accident and emergency treatment and end-of-life care. The NHS is a tax financed healthcare system, the public pays a higher tax for their healthcare to be free. The Department of Health much like that in the US, oversees the NHS. All employees of the NHS are government employees and are by paid by the government. There is a very small private sector of healthcare in the UK and if you either be seen by an NHS physician or by a private physician whom you would pay out-of-pocket to see. The responsibility for health legislation and policy rests in the hands of the government at the Parliament of Westminster. The treasury/finance ministry set a budget and that determines what share of government receipt will be used to finance the healthcare system. The budget is done in three year cycles. In 2004 the total healthcare expenditure in the UK was 101 billion pounds the funding for NHS alone was 86. 6 billion pounds. The expenditure on healthcare is continually rising. Here in the US the healthcare system is privately funded through grants, donations and fees for service. We pay insurance to cover our healthcare costs or we pay out of pocket for the services. There has been some concern on whether or not the UK NHS system will continue to work, taxes will need to increase and there will need to be more funding. There is a push to have a mixed system that is both private and public. *Macro environmental *Influences There is a common problem with the migrant jump to the UK to take advantage of the healthcare and the citizens are footing the bill. The need for funding for NHS is rising and there is concern on how they are going to continue to pay for the services. The UK is in need of a plan to implement a privately funded healthcare service alongside the tax financed service. Implement co-pays on some of the services that are provided and take into consideration the benefits of including the private sector. Summary Overall the UK has a well implemented plan for their healthcare services, the problems that they face are the same that are faced by many other countries, from funding to the quality and the accessibility of services. In comparison to the US the UK faces many of the same issues, the shortage of healthcare professionals to the need for reform. The universal health care plan has worked for the UK and the private plan has worked for the US in the past but now there needs to be changes made because of the rising cost of healthcare in both countries. The UK is learning that there is a need for change and that by seeing other countries such as the US use private health insurance plans they can create some kind of balance. Bibliography How to cite Health Status and Health Care Services in the United Kingdom, Papers

This essay was about the poetic devices which Robert Example For Students

This essay was about the poetic devices which Robert Duchess and perhaps her disgraceful behavior, as well as the Dukes terrifying jealousy, and expectations. Finally, Browning also uses symbolism, which is instrumental in showing the Dukes Jealousy, which possibly could have led to the Duchess demise. Robert Browning is able to achieve a haunting, mysterious, and eerie tone in My Last Duchess, by using imagery, precise diction, and symbolism. The imagery in My Last Duchess, conveys a clear picture in the readers mind of not only of the Duchess, and her portrait, but also the darkness of the Dukes life. The Duke begins his soliloquy by saying, Thats my last duchess painted on the wall, / Looking as if she were alive, (1-2) already the reader is hit with the image of the late Duchess portrait. A mysterious tone lurks as the Duke speaks because the reader now wonders how the Duchess died. As the Duke continues with his speech, he vividly paints a picture of the Duchess. The Duke recounts how the painter, Far Pandora compliments her beautiful skin by saying, Paint / Must never hope to reproduce the faint [Half-flush that dies along her throat (17-19). We will write a custom essay on This was about the poetic devices which Robert specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now As the Duchess blushes at Pinfolds kindness, the Dukes Jealousy is building up. As the Duke and his guest make their way downstairs to meet the rest of the company, the Duke says, Notice Neptune, though / Taming a sea-horse, thought a rarity (54-55). The image of Neptune as he tames the sea horse is a perfect example of the Dukes temperamental, and controlling personality. This image reflects his domineering disposition, which adds to the haunting, eerie tone. An eerie and mysterious tone is further enhanced by Borrowings use of diction. The Duke was distraught that he was unable to control her innocent blushes, or friendly smiles at others. It finally came time for the Duke to take matters into is hands, he then, gave commands, (45) and then all smiles stopped together (46). The art is a symbol that he is now able to control her every glance and every smile. Not only does he now have complete control over her, his guests are only allowed t see her when he draws a curtain and permits them to. It is exceptionally haunting hat the Duke is so obsessed with having the power to control someone. The imagery brought to the readers mind as the Duke is entertaining the emissary chilling. Borrowings comparison between the Duke and Neptune increase the mysterious effect. As the Duke explains that he refuses to allow his next wife to behave the way the late Duchess did, mystery sets in as it makes the reader quests if he is capable of committing this crime again, and how the Duchess was brought her demise. Borrowings word choice also enhances the mystery and eeriness of the poem. By using diction, the Dukes controlling personality was described. Finally, Browning uses the Duchess portrait as a symbol In conclusion, Robert Browning achieved a haunting, mysterious, and eerie tone through the use of three poetic techniques. Escalated, and the reader begins to question what his madness will carry him to do. Doubt, / Whenever I passed her; but who passed without / Much the same smile? This now turned very mysterious, how was the Duchess executed, and who other than the Browning is able to make the Dukes controlling nature apparent through the use of symbolism. The Dukes need to be dominate and in control at all times is frightening. Friendly smiles at others. It finally came time for the Duke to take matters into is own Not only does he now have complete control over her, his guests are only allowed to The imagery brought to the readers mind as the Duke is entertaining the emissary is behave the way the late Duchess did, mystery sets in as it makes the reader question if he is capable of committing this crime again, and how the Duchess was brought to her demise. Borrowings word choice also enhances the mystery and eeriness of the

Fouridation Essays - Water Fluoridation, Fluoride, Dental Fluorosis

Fouridation In 1931 at the University of Arizona Agricultural Experiment Station M. C. Smith, E. M. Lantz, and H. V. Smith discovered that when given drinking water supplied with fluorine, rats would develop tooth defects. Further testing by H. T. Dean and E. Elove of the United States Public Health Service confirmed this report, and stated that what is known as mottled tooth. Mottled tooth is a condition in which white spots develop on the back teeth. Gradually the white spots get darker and darker until the tooth is eroded completely. This was believed to be caused by fluorine in drinking water (Behrman pg. 181). A strong uproar was heard when this was released and people wanted all fluorine out of their water. But later tests concluded that communities with high levels of fluorine in their drinking water suffered less dental cavities. Further testing concluded that at least 1.0 parts per million of fluorine could help to prevent cavities, but more than 1.5 PPM would cause mottled tooth, so basically a little fluorine would be okay but a lot of fluorine would be bad (Behrman 182). In 1938, with this information, Dr. Gerald Cox of the Mellon Institute began to promote the addition of fluoride to public water systems, claiming that it would reduce tooth decay, however there were two major obstacles in his path, The American Medical Association, and The American Dental Association. Both associations wrote articles in their journals about the dangers of fluoridation of water supplies. The American Dental Association wrote the following in the October 1, 1944 issue: We do know the use of drinking water containing as little as 1.2 to 3.0 parts per million of fluorine will cause such developmental disturbances in bones as osteoslcerosis, spondylosis and osteoperosis, as well as goiter, and we cannot afford to run the risk of producing such serious systemic disturbances in applying what is at present a doubtful procedure intended to prevent development of dental disfigurements among children. (Yiamouyiannis pg. 138) Despite these warnings Dr. Cox continued to promote fluoridation of water supplies and even convinced a Wisconsin dentist, J. J. Frisch to promote the addition of fluoride to water supplies in his book, The Fight For Fluoridation. Frisch soon garnered the support of Frank Bull. Frank Bull organized political campaigns in order to persuade local officials to endorse fluoridation. This began to apply heavy pressure on the United States Public Health Service and the American Dental Association. (Yiamouyiannis pg. 139) In 1945 before any tests had been proven to show that fluoride reduced cavities, it was added to the drinking water supply of Grand Rapids, Michigan. This was done as a test. It would be the experiment to see if fluoride would decrease the number of cavities. The data would be collected periodically over the next five years, and in 1950 the data showed that the number of cavities was decreasing, but in the town of Muskegon, which did not have a fluoridated water supply, cavities decreased by the same margin. However the information about Muskegon was covered up (Waldbott pg. 262). A few days after the information about Grand Rapids was released the United States Public Health Service called a press conference in which they said that: Communities desiring to fluoridate their communal water supplies should be strongly encouraged to do so. (Waldbott pg. 263) In June 1951, dental health representatives from around the U. S. met with dental health officials to discuss the promotion and implementation of fluoride. It was at this conference that the United States Public Health Service formally endorsed fluoridation. It had finally succumb to the pressure. Two years later in 1953, the American Dental Association also began to support fluoridation, when they released a pamphlet, sending it to every dentistry office in the U. S. The pamphlet told the advantages of using fluoride, encouraged acceptance and use of fluoride, and sought to overcome public resistance to fluoride (Coffel). From 1953 till 1977 the only debates going on about fluoridation was how to fund it. Most organizations supported fluoridation, and those that did not soon did, including, the National Research Council, the American Water Works Association, the American Medical Association, and the World Health Organization. All of these organizations endorsed fluoridation (Waldbott pg. 277). However in 1977, the fluoridation controversy was brought back up by John Yiamouyiannis. A committee was commissioned to clear up the fluoride controversy once and for all. But it did not, it just raised it even more. Yiamouyiannis led this committee. Yiamouyiannis in his statement to

The Odyssey Themes and Literary Devices

The Odyssey Themes and Literary Devices The Odyssey, Homers epic poem about the decades-long journey of Trojan War hero Odysseus, includes themes such as cunning vs. strength, coming of age, and order vs. disorder. These themes are conveyed with the use of a few key literary devices, including poems-within-a-poem and flashback narration. Cunning vs. Strength Unlike Achilles, the Iliad protagonist known for his physical strength and prowess in combat, Odysseus earns his victories through trickery and cunning. Odysseus’ cleverness is reinforced throughout the text by the use of epithets accompanying his name. These epithets and their translations include: Polymetis: of many counselsPolymekhanos: many-devicedPolytropos: of many waysPolyphron: many-minded The triumph of cunning over strength is a running theme in Odysseus’ journey. In Book XIV, he escapes the cyclops Polyphemus with his words rather than a traditional duel. In Book XIII, he disguises himself as a beggar in order to probe the faithfulness of the members of his court. When he listens to the bard Demodocus retell the end of the Trojan war and the building of the Trojan horse- his own invention in Book VIII- he weeps â€Å"like a woman,† realizing how dangerous his own cunning is. What’s more, Odysseus’ cunning is almost matched by the intelligence of his wife Penelope, who manages to remain loyal to Odysseus and stave off her suitors in his absence through trickery and cunning. Spiritual Growth and Coming of Age The first four books of The Odyssey, known as Telemacheia, follow Odysseus’ son Telemachus. Odysseus has been absent from Ithaca for two decades, and Telemachus sets out to uncover his father’s whereabouts. Telemachus is on the brink of manhood and has very little authority in his own household, as he is besieged by suitors seeking to marry his mother and rule over Ithaca. However, thanks to Athena, who teaches him how to behave among Greek leaders and takes him to visit Pylos and Sparta, Telemachus gains maturity and knowledge. Ultimately, he is able to serve as an ally to his father when it comes time to slay the suitors, a scene that demonstrates how much Telemachus has matured. Odysseus undergoes spiritual growth of his own, becoming less brash and more thoughtful over the course of his journey. At the start of his journey, Odysseus is brash, overconfident, and taunting, which results in numerous obstacles and delays. By the time he returns home, Odysseus has become more cautious and careful. Order vs. Disorder In The Odyssey, order and chaos are represented by the contrasting settings.   The island of Ithaca is orderly and â€Å"civilized†: inhabitants tend to animals and agriculture, engage in handiwork, and lead orderly lives. By contrast, in the worlds visited by Odysseus during his travels, plants grow freely and the inhabitants eat anything that they find. These worlds are depicted as obstacles to Odysseus journey, threatening prevent him from returning home, Consider the Lotus Eaters, who spend their days languorously eating lotus plants; the lotus plants cause a sleepy apathy that Odysseus and his crew have to escape. Another example is the cyclops Polyphemus. Polyphemus, who reaped the fruits of his island without labor, is depicted as one of Odysseus main antagonists. Poems Within a Poem The Odyssey features two bard-like characters, Phemius and Demodocus, whose roles offer insight into the ancient art of oral poetry and storytelling. Both Phemius and Demodocus tell their court audience stories tied to the heroic cycle. In Book I, Phemius sings of the ‘returns’ of other Trojan War heroes. In Book VIII, Demodocus sings about the disagreements of Odysseus and Achilles during the Trojan War, as well as the love affair of Ares and Aphrodite. The vocabulary used to describe the poetic practice suggests that it is a performative art intended for an audience of listeners and accompanied by a lyre. In addition, both bards took requests from their audience: â€Å"But come now, change thy theme,† Demodocus is asked in Book VIII. Such requests suggest that these poets had a wide repertory of tales to draw from. Flashback Narration The narration of The Odyssey begins with Telemachus’ journey. Then, the narrative moves back in time, as Odysseus recounts his journeys for the length of three entire books. Finally, the narrative moves forward in time to Odysseus return to Ithaca. The most notable flashback in the text is the multi-book tale recounted by Odysseus himself, but other sections feature flashbacks, as well. The poem utilizes flashbacks to describe events of the past in detail, including the end of the Trojan War and the return of other war heroes.

Human service integration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Human service integration - Essay Example scale." Historically, pilot programs and studies of best practices have not been widely replicated, not because they were "bad" strategies, but rather a critical component was missing: high-performance leadership. (Atkinson, 1999) Although we traditionally associate "leadership" with the work of the chief executive, the missing component in successfully integrating services is leadership work performed throughout the agency. An agency with sufficient leadership capacity to integrate services is made up of employees who all perform components of leadership work, management work, task/technical work, and team skills. (McLennan, Caza, 2003) Why Has Service Integration Been So Elusive We know why we need to integrate services, we know what we've learned from our successes and failures, and we know that we must build leadership capacity throughout the organization. Why, then, have we been unable to make service integration a reality In a nutshell, we are trying to get integrated performance from a hierarchical system that was designed for standardized production. There is no "standard" customer; each needs different things in different combinations at different times for different reasons. Nor are we doing production work. The hierarchical organizations we work in were designed 100 years ago for standardized production under drastically different economic, technological, social, and political conditions. The rate of change during that time was relatively slow. Service integration has been elusive because it requires that we create flexible, performance-based, integrated organizations despite our hierarchical history and structure. In a survey of APHSA members, today however, 86 percent of the respondents said they envision their agencies integrating or consolidating its... The need for public human service agencies to integrate services is well established. A large number of human service agencies be aware of that in order to achieve positive results for vulnerable families and children, they must focus holistically on the customer.Although service integration is well established in theory, making it an operational reality has remained elusive over the last 20 years, but not for lack of effort or creativity some agencies have made phenomenal progress toward service integration, despite complex and ever-changing political, economic, demographic, and technological conditions. Service integration is the ultimate transformational change for public human services. It will become a broadly exhibited reality only when the leadership work is done at all levels. We will not wake up tomorrow morning to find that service integration has "happened." Creating human service agencies that fit this description relies upon our ability to build and sustain the capacity to do leadership work throughout our organizations. Unfortunately, leadership development has historically been done "in the margins" as an add-on to our already busy schedules. As we have learned in 20 years of attempting to integrate services, we cannot fundamentally change the way we do business in the margins. We must view leadership development as the critical component it is because leadership for high performance is the bottom line to making service integration a reality.

The Evolution of leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Evolution of leadership - Essay Example These are very essential in ensuring patient's wellbeing. Workers in healthcare sectors also deserve to be treated fairly in order to serve patients well. Ethical issues in healthcare sector have also evolved with time. Initially, leaders in the healthcare sector were greatly concerned about the patients' welfare only. Later on the government made decisions that greatly helped in running of healthcare facility smoothly. (Bridgit, 2005) Leaders in healthcare facilities have to ensure that ethical issues have to be adhered to. Generally, there are moral values that have to adhere to in healthcare sector. Each judgment or decision that is made in healthcare facilities has to adhere to these rules. Ethics in the healthcare sector is an issue that has not been started today. This issue can be traced back to the eighteenth and the nineteenth centuries. During this time leadership has changed hands and the leaders that have been in power have in one way or the other influenced the decisions that are made in the healthcare sector. In the year eighteen forty seven, there was the overall adoption of the overall code of ethics in the healthcare sector by the American Medical Association. Between the sixties and seventies, there was such a dramatic shift in the ethics sector. There were major changes that were made including liberalization of the whole theoretical aspects. In fact there was reconfiguration from justice that was procedurally based to bioethics in general. There are various values that underpin the entire practice in healthcare sector. These are concerned with ethical decisions and actions taken in healthcare sector. The values actually provide a framework where conflicts can easily be understood in case of occurrence in the healthcare sector. They include the following. Dignity This aspect means that patients attending a healthcare facility have the right to dignity. This does not just refer to the patient only, but the doctor or the nurse too. Autonomy Another value in line with healthcare profession is overall acceptance of right of an individual making choices by him or herself but it should be an informed one in line with their care. This means that people have the right to make their own decisions in line with health care they prefer. (Kerridge, 2006) This however should be done after being given complete and accurate information by nurses etc. This means that nurse should inform patients about care available and then respect their decision. This is whereby the patient has the overall right to choose or even accept the treatment. This means that the patient is the final decision maker concerning his or her treatment. In case the patient I incapacitated, then a close relative can make the health decisions of their behalf. Beneficence This is whereby a medical practitioner is required to act to the patient's best interest. This means that whatever action is taken by a doctor or nurse has to enhance the well being of the patient. If the action that is to be taken is not to the patient's best interest, then it would not be ethical at all. This concerns all the actions that are taken including surgery. This concept is generally very much in line with the principles of humanity. Justice This aspect involves distribution of resources in healthcare facilities. This also concerns the resources that are scarce. In this case those that are involved or the medical practitioners have to ensure that they are fair when distributing such

Various Types Of Robots Computer Science Essay

Various Types Of Robots Computer Science Essay A Robot is man-made mechanical device that can move itself, whose motion must be modeled, planned, sensed, actuated and controlled, and whose motion behaviour can be influenced by programming. Robots are called intelligent if they succeed in moving in safe interaction with an unstructured environment, while autonomously achieving their specified tasks. This definition implies that a device can only be called a robot if it contains a movable mechanism, influenced by sensing, planning, actuation, and control components. It does not imply that a minimum number of these components must be implemented in software, or be changeable by the consumer who uses the device; for example, the motion behaviour can have been hard-wired into the device by the manufacturer. 12.2 Three Laws of Robotics Science-fiction author Isaac Asimov is often given credit for being the first person to use the term robotics in a short story composed in the 1940s. He suggested three principles to guide the behavior of robots and smart machines.- A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. 12.3 Components of robotic systems This figure depicts the components that are part of all robotic systems. The real robot is some mechanical device (mechanism) that moves around in the environment, and, in doing so, physically interacts with this environment. This interaction involves the exchange of physical energy, in some form or another. Robotics as an integrated system of control interacting with the Figure : components of robotic system Both the robot mechanism and the environment can be the cause of the physical interaction through Actuation, or experience the effect of the interaction, which can be measured through Sensing. Sensing and actuation are the physical ports through which the Controller of the robot determines the interaction of its mechanical body with the physical world. As mentioned already before, the controller can, in one extreme, consist of software only, but in the other extreme everything can also be implemented in hardware. Within the Controller component, several sub-activities are often identified: Modelling- The input-output relationships of all control components can (but need not) be derived from information that is stored in a model. This model can have many forms: analytical formulas, empirical look-up tables, fuzzy rules, neural networks, etc. The other components discussed below can all have models inside. A System model can be used to tie multiple components together, but it is clear that not all robots use a System model. The Sensing model and Actuation model contain the information with which to transform raw physical data into task-dependent information for the controller, and vice versa. Planning- This is the activity that predicts the outcome of potential actions, and selects the best one. Almost by definition, planning can only be done on the basis of some sort of model. Regulation- This component processes the outputs of the sensing and planning components, to generate an actuation setpoint. Again, this regulation activity could or could not rely on some sort of (system) model. The term control is often used instead of regulation, but it is impossible to clearly identify the domains that use one term or the other. 12.4 Parts Concept required for Robot Generally robots have at least the below mentioned parts and concepts: Sensors Most robots of today are nearly deaf and blind.   Sensors can provide some limited feedback to the robot so it can do its job.   Compared to the senses and abilities of even the simplest living things, robots have a very long way to go.  The sensor sends information, in the form of electronic signals back to the controller.   A sensor also gives the robot controller information about its surroundings and lets it know the exact position of the arm, or the state of the world around it.  Sight, sound, touch, taste, and smell are the kinds of information we get from our world.   Robots can be designed and programmed to get specific information that is beyond what our 5 senses can tell us. For instance, a robot sensor might see in the dark, detect tiny amounts of invisible radiation or measure movement that is too small or fast for the human eye to see Switch Sensors Light Sensors Polarized light Resistive Position Sensors Effectors An  effector  is any device that affects the environment. Robots control their effectors, which are also known as end effectors. Effectors include legs, wheels, arms, fingers, wings and fins. Controllers cause the effectors to produce desired effects on the environment. Two basic ways of using effectors: to move the robot around =>locomotion to move other object around =>manipulation Actuators Actuators, also known as drives,  are mechanisms for getting robots to move. Most actuators are powered by pneumatics (air pressure), hydraulics (fluid pressure), or motors (electric current).  Most actuation uses electromagnetic motors and gears but there have been frequent uses of other forms of actuation including muscle-wires and inexpensive Radio Control servos. To get a motor under computer control, different motor types and actuator types are used. Some of the motor types are Synchronous, Stepper, AC servo, Brushless DC servo, and Brushed DC servo.   Radio Control servos for model airplanes, cars and other vehicles are light, rugged, cheap and fairly easy to interface. Some of the units can provide very high torque speed. A Radio Control servo can be controlled from a parallel port. Controllers The robot connects to a computer, which keeps the pieces of the arm working together. This computer is the controller. The controller functions as the brain of the robot. The controller can also network to other systems, so that the robot may work together with other machines, processes, or robots Arms common effectors known as Arms. The robot arm comes in all shapes and sizes and is the single most important part in robotic architecture. The arm is the part of the robot that positions the End Effector and Sensors to do their pre-programmed business. Many (but not all) resemble human arms, and have shoulders, elbows, wrists, even fingers. This gives the robot a lot of ways to position itself in its environment.   Artificial Intelligence The term artificial intelligence is defined as systems that combine sophisticated hardware and software with elaborate databases and knowledge-based processing models to demonstrate characteristics of effective human decision making. The criteria for artificial systems include the following: functional: the system must be capable of performing the function for which it has been designed; able to manufacture: the system must be capable of being manufactured by existing manufacturing processes; designable: the design of the system must be imaginable by designers working in their cultural context marketable: the system must be perceived to serve some purpose well enough, Mobility Industrial robots are rarely mobile. Work is generally brought to the robot. A few industrial robots are mounted on tracks and are mobile within their workstation. Service robots are virtually the only kind of robots that travel autonomously. Research on robot mobility is extensive. The goal of the research is usually to have the robot navigate in unstructured environments while encountering unforeseen obstacles. Some projects raise the technical barriers by insisting that the locomotion involve walking, either on two appendages, like humans, or on many, like insects. Most projects, however, use wheels or tractor mechanisms. Many kinds of effectors and actuators can be used to move a robot around. Some categories are: legs (for walking/crawling/climbing/jumping/hopping) wheels (for rolling) arms (for swinging/crawling/climbing) flippers (for swimming) Types of robot 12.5.1 Mobile Robot- Mobile robots are able to move, usually they perform task such as search areas. A prime example is the Mars Explorer, specifically designed to roam the mars surface. Mobile robots are a great help to such collapsed building for survivors Mobile robots are used for task where people cannot go.   Mobile robots can be divided in two categories   1.1 Rolling Robots:   Rolling robots have wheels to move around.   These are the type of robots that can quickly and easily search move around.   However they are only useful in flat areas, rocky terrains give them a hard time.   Flat terrains are their territory 1.2 Walking Robots:   Robots on legs are usually brought in when the terrain is rocky and difficult to enter with wheels.   Robots have a hard time shifting balance and keep them from tumbling.   Thats why most robots with have at least 4 of them, usually they have 6 legs or more.   Even when they lift one or more legs they still keep their balance.   Development of legged robots is often modeled after insects or crawfish. Stationary Robots Robots are not only used to explore areas or imitate a human being.   Most robots perform repeating tasks without ever moving an inch.   Most robots are working in industry settings.   Especially dull and repeating tasks are suitable for robots.   A robot never grows tired; it will perform its duty day and night without ever complaining.   In case the tasks at hand are done, the robots will be reprogrammed to perform other tasks Autonomous Robots Autonomous robots are self supporting or in other words self contained.   In a way they rely on their own brains. Autonomous robots run a program that gives them the opportunity to decide on the action to perform depending on their surroundings.   At times these robots even learn new behavior.   They start out with a short routine and adapt this routine to be more successful at the task they perform.   The most successful routine will be repeated as such their behavior is shaped.   Autonomous robots can learn to walk or avoid obstacles they find in their way.   Think about a six legged robot, at first the legs move ad random, after a little while the robot adjust its program and performs a pattern which enables it to move in a direction Remote-control Robots An autonomous robot is despite its autonomous not a very clever or intelligent unit.   The memory and brain capacity is usually limited; an autonomous robot can be compared to an insect in that respect. In case a robot needs to perform more complicated yet undetermined tasks an autonomous robot is not the right choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Complicated tasks are still best performed by human beings with real brainpower.   A person can guide a robot by remote control.   A person can perform difficult and usually dangerous tasks without being at the spot where the tasks are performed.   To detonate a bomb it is safer to send the robot to the danger area Virtual Robots   Ã‚   Virtual robots dont exist in real life.   Virtual robots are just programs, building blocks of software inside a computer.   A virtual robot can simulate a real robot or just perform a repeating task.   A special kind of robot is a robot that searches the World Wide Web.   The internet has countless robots crawling from site to site. These WebCrawlers collect information on websites and send this information to the search engines.    BEAM Robots BEAM is short for Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics and Mechanics.   BEAM robots are made by hobbyists. BEAM robots can be simple and very suitable for starters. Key Points Robotics  is a branch of engineering that involves the conception, design, manufacture, and operation of  robots. Field of robotics overlaps with electronics, computer science,  artificial intelligence  , mechatronics,  nanotechnology  , and bioengineering. MITs Kismet: an expressive robotic creature with perceptual and motor modalities tailored to natural human communication channels. In the future, robots will have a high level of intelligence, such as feeling and emotions, or the ability to make a rational decision on their own. Exercise Q.1 Discuss the Laws of Robotic system? Q.2 What are main components of any robotic system? Q.3 What kind of tasks a robot can perform? Q.4 What is the difference between Automation and Robots? Q.5 How can we measure performance of any robot? Q.6- What is degree of freedom? How much degree of freedom is required for 2D and 3D motion?

Kimberle Crenshaw’s “The Intersection of Race and Gender”

Kimberle Crenshaw’s arguments and research in â€Å"The Intersection of Race and Gender† offer an insightful and probing look into the state of women of color in the current racial and gender climate of our culture.   Her main point, that women of color experience both their race and their gender together in a way that is NOT mutually exclusive, as they are so often treated, and are informed one by the other and as they occur simultaneously, is one that almost sparks a flippant attitude of â€Å"No kidding.†When the argument is first introduced, it seems to simple and so self-evident as to be self-explanatory (and taken for granted); at first it almost seems like a waste of time to be delving into something so painfully obvious.   However, through her very thorough research and her carefully pieced argument which clearly shows how â€Å"X† relates to â€Å"Y† relates to â€Å"Z,† Crenshaw is able to take something that does indeed seem li ke it should be plainly obvious and more or less proves, as much as it can be â€Å"proven,† that even still today race and gender are not given the adequate attention the two together deserve.As Crenshaw is painstaking to point out, both issues—issues of race and gender, that is—receive quite a bit of popular attention in our current culture climate.   In fact, the issues have been made so big that they are difficult to contain in any one argument.Nowadays, so many things become either an issue of race or an issue of gender, it is difficult to discern which issues legitimately need to be addressed by these â€Å"isms† and which have simply been lumped into them by sheer popular appeal (i.e., race and gender issues are the new hot-button â€Å"It† topic—if any discussion is going to occur on the large-scale mainstream popular platform of the media, one of the two had better be involved).   However, through all of this seeming social desi re to focus so much on gender and race, the fact that the two can also intersect and create a whole new array of complicated issues for a person and a culture seems to have been totally missed.That last little bit is my own digression, and not part of Crenshaw’s argument; this is simply what struck me as so entirely shocking.   While we’ve been so caught up discussing race and gender, we’ve completely missed the discussion of race with gender.   Crenshaw has a plethora of information and examples to cite which show how race with gender has been entirely neglected by everyone, including the antiracists (who predominantly serve black men) and the feminists (who predominantly serve white women).Here, Crenshaw further contains the overall argument into speaking strictly in terms of violence against women, and how violence against women of color is treated and viewed as being the same as violence against women in general, completely ignoring the deeper-lying comp lications of layers of different of social structures which affect women of color that DO NOT affect white women (something that, if women of color are to be treated in a way that is beneficial and acknowledging of them and their plights, simply cannot be ignored).Again, Crenshaw brings so much â€Å"evidence† to the table that her point rings loud and clear: the separate and distinct plights of women of color are not recognized by any other vocal group as being anything noteworthy.   And this attitude further perpetuates this belief of their own negligible experiences in the minds of those very same women of color.   And so is the vicious cycle.I found Crenshaw’s essay to be extremely culturally important and incredibly relevant.   For as much as antiracist and feminist groups preach about â€Å"Otherness,† they too are guilty of â€Å"Othering† in order to further their own causes (or, worse than â€Å"Othering,† just flat-out ignoring).Any effective kind of identity politic must be informed by all aspects of a person’s identity; not just race, and not just gender (or, for that matter, class, religion, sexual orientation, age, profession, education, employment history, disability, proclivity to heart disease, or anything else), but a combination of all the various intricacies that creates a person’s identity.   To separate one out makes a person no less of the other, and the only way to truly address them is to do so in a way that accommodates how they all come together to form their own separate and unique experience.   Perhaps this is where the postmodernists really got it right: identity is fluid, after all.

Reflective Essay on Teaching

This assignment will critically reflect and analyse a microteaching session I presented to my peers in a clinical placement regarding Nursing management of chest drains. I will define reflection; teaching, learning and the rationale for choosing this topic will be clearly outlined in this paper. The preparation, planning, implementation and evaluation will also be incorporated. This assignment will be structured using Gibbs (1988) reflective model cited in Modular Training Course, 2003 because of its simplicity. Analysis will permeate through each stage of the Gibbs reflective model. Finally I will conclude by reflecting on my role as a joint practitioner outlining areas of personal, professional growth, identifying my strength, weakness and put forward an action plan for my future development in teaching. Reflection is an important human activity in which people re-capture their experience, mull it over and evaluate it. It is working with experience that is important in learning (Boud et al, 1985). Teaching is defined as a system of activities intended to induce learning, comprising the deliberate, methodical creation and control of those conditions in which learning does occur (Curzon, 1997). In Nursing, teaching is said to be the change in behaviour that we wish to bring about if we are to enhance and improve care for patients and client (Hinchliff, 2004) The term teaching and learning are often used interchangeably. Curzon (1990) cited by Nicklin and Kenworthy (2000) define learning as the apparent modification of a person’s behaviour through his activities and experiences so that his knowledge, skills and attitudes, including modes of adjustment towards his environment, are changed, more or less permanently. The rationale of choosing my topic was due to its relevance to the area of my clinical placement (Cardio thoracic) and the Unique learning needs of nursing management of chest drains amongst Nursing students as realised while working with them. As mentioned above, I will be using the Gibbs reflective model, which follows a cyclical pattern from description, feelings, evaluation, to conclusion and action plan. See in the Appendice. Each of these is sub-headed in the next sections to maintain clarity. Description This is the first stage of the Gibbs model. The value of micro sessions is for planning and delivering a short presentation where by feedback can be gathered before embarking on longer sessions (Walkin, 1990). Planning is about thinking things through it requires imagination and lateral as well as logical thinking (Kiger, 1995). It is a process that directs the teacher and the learner towards certain actions, which will facilitate learning. During the preparation of my teaching presentation I researched my chosen subject using databases like British Nursing Index (BNI), Nursing practice text books as well as Journals as recommended by Hinchliff (2004) who contend that using evidence-based practice can help to ensure that the subject is fully researched and this will provide support practice and view. I set out the aims and objectives of the teaching session. This view is supported by (Daines et al, 1993) who state that the teacher must know what it is that he or she intends to teach and what the students are expected to learn as an outcome for the joint effort. I drafted a lesson plan see in the appendice, which I highlighted that I was going to use an overhead projector and give handouts to the group. Ewan and White (1996) suggest it is necessary to understand learners’ different learning styles for learning and teaching to be effective. I devised my teaching plan bearing in mind that there were pragmatists, activists, theorists and reflectors among my peers. After putting the content of my presentation together I began printing and photocopying my acetates and handouts for my peers. The next step I did was to start rehearsing my presentation at home. On the day of the presentation I gave out handouts to my peers prior to the microteaching session. I used an overhead projector as a guide for my discussion even though my acetates were cluttered with too much information. I also used some equipment like different types of chest drains, water and a dame in of a person to demonstrate to my peers. I used psychomotor learning domain as it was described by Bloom (1956) cited by De Tornyay & Thompson (1987) to be most important domain compared with Cognitive and Affective domains as it enabling the learner to learn through the demonstrated skill. As I encouraged my peers to carry out the skill that I had demonstrated, I had to bear in mind that many adult learners are self-conscious about trying new psychomotor skills as contended by De Tornyay & Thompson (1987). They worry about looking foolish and making errors. And therefore it is crucial that the learning environment is warm and accepting, inviting the learners to try things, take risks and experiment. Feelings Planning on its own caused a lot of anxiety, as I was not really sure of how well I will do in delivering and presenting my topic to my peers. Although I had some idea about management of chest drains from both the practical bit that I had gained during my first two weeks on the ward and the theory that I had gathered, I was nervous prior to my presentation. It is argued by some commentators that having nerves can improve your performance (Lancaster and Janes, 1994). Feelings of nervousness helped me to focus on my presentation however things did not go the way I planned them. I can only attribute my feelings of nervousness due to inadequate preparation. During the presentation I had mixed feelings of nervousness compounded by feelings of confidence and I was not sure about how the audience perceived my presentation. I was feeling confident at times because I knew a lot about the topic and my peers through evaluation echoed this. Evaluation Evaluation can be seen as a process of making personalised judgements and decisions about achievements, expectations, the effectiveness and evaluation of what we are doing (Hanchliff, 2001). It occurs at different stages of learning experience, is ongoing, vital to development, evolution of teaching and learning. It is emphasised that if you do not self evaluate there is a tendency to carry on as usual (Hinchliff, 2004). As part of my preparation, I decided that I was going to use the SWOT analysis to evaluate myself. And with this, I was going to be able to identify my Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. My strengths included giving handouts first before starting my presentation. My peers in the feedback sheets echoed these remarks. This is supported by (Boyd et al, 1997) who states that handouts provide organisation, enable students to listen rather than taking notes and serve as a reminder of what the students have heard in the classroom or lecture. I linked the theory to practice as I was using acetates on an overhead projector as well as demonstrating and some of my peers commented that this helped them to understand the topic better. De Tornyay & Thompson (1987), recommend the use of an overhead projector by the teacher as this avoids distracting instructions and can integrate the material from the transparency with the presentation naturally and without losing eye contact with class. My voice was loud and clear throughout my presentation to enable my peers to hear the topic. Oliver and Endersby (1994) emphasise that if people cannot hear you during presentations they will not listen to you hence it is important to have a good voice projection when teaching or presenting. I had also met my aims and objectives that I had set up and my peers had learnt from them following the feedback. Aim & Objectives can provide a logical sequence for both you & your students enable you to check whether your teaching has been effective and also help to make decision about what exactly the student should learn as recommended by (Hinchliff, 2004). My weaknesses included confusing some surgical terms that I had used and therefore giving the wrong explanation of the word, not giving all my peers a chance to practice the skill and also not involving my peers to participate in terms of the questioning technique. Some of my peers commented on the feedback sheets that I had the tendency to read my acetates, I should have brought in prompt cards just to remind me of the main points which needed to be discussed further. It is argued by (Baume and Baume, 1996) that reading from transparencies will give a stilted feel to a presentation and does not give the presenter much credibility. In essence as a presenter you should know most of what you want to say otherwise you should not be teaching or presenting to the audience. And also some of my peers commented that I had rushed my presentation despite the fact that I finished within the expected time. I didn’t have all my teaching equipments as I had planned. In organizing the materials for teaching, Oliver & Endersby (1994) stated that the responsibility of teaching does not only lie on accuracy of the information presented but also in the manner and order in which it is presented. The opportunity of being familiar with my peers and knowing the subject area that I was going to present strengthened my confidence as I began to teach. My threat was not being able to finish on time and being so nervous that I would not give the best to my group. Analysis On analysis, I thought I choose the right topic that was relevant to my course and my clinical area of placement. â€Å"As joint practitioners we will encounter carers in our working life, so giving information on carers assessment, their limitation and effect of caring will prepare us for future practice† (Hinchliff, 2004). As I was preparing my presentation, I thought about adult learning as all my peers were going to be adults. I decided to use Androgogy approach of teaching as recommended by Knowles (1990) who defined it as the art and science of supporting students particularly, adult learner in their own learning process. In retrospect, I feel that this helped to promote the students’ concentration and I believe that my peers felt valued, as I was able to include them in the teaching by acknowledging each and everyone who participated by using their names and praised them. The teaching session took place in a seminar room near the ward where everyone was familiar with the environment. It is believed that a good learning environment allows a more positive attitude to study and desire to learn (Kiger, 1995). Overhead projector was used during the teaching, this was benefiting to my peers, it help to clarify and explain key points. The use of overhead projector encouraged motivation from peers and makes it more interesting (Larrivee, 2000). The teaching session was aimed to facilitate humanistic or cognitive domain as well as psychomotor where cognitive domain is student centred. This permit student perception and thinking, it also incorporate student participation which gave the chance to ascertain peers’ knowledge of the topic been taught. I used Abbatt & Mc Mahon (1993) 3 aspects of evaluation i. e. Plan, Process and Product as a form of evaluating my peers learning and effectiveness of my teaching. With this, there was use of evaluation checklists See in the Appendices that were used by my peers to evaluate my teaching in form of feedback. These can enable the teach to identify aspects of his/her teaching that could improve on. Although the feedback from my peers and mentor was informative and good, from my own reflection afterwards made me realise that I had not taught I had planned. I didn’t involve all my peers to practice the skill, which would have helped them to learn more as recommended by Hinchliff (2004). I should have informed them of how long the session was to take in order to avoid them from thinking that I had rushed. I should not have read my presentation from the acetates because it is argued that the audience will probably understand very little and will loose concentration quickly (Nicklin and Kenworthy, 2000). Body language communicates different impressions to the audience; I maintained eye contact on some occasions this helps to regulate the flow of communication. This is supported by (Oliver and Endersby, 1994) who state that presenters who make eye contact covey interest, concern, warmth and credibility. Conclusion I seem to have learned more from the reflective process than the actual presentation. Presenting to the group was one of the most nerves wrecking experiences as well as waiting for feedback from my peers and mentor. However, carrying out this teaching session has broadened my knowledge in management of chest drains and given me the courage and confidence for my future teaching and presentations. Action Plan I endeavour to perceive weakness as opportunities for future development rather than as failures. In essence the act of reflecting on the microteaching presentation has deepened my understanding of the importance of having a good preparation, a good plan, including having rehearsals prior to the presentation, the importance of having a good learning environment, and being familiar with the material you are going to use before presenting. It is imperative to evaluate each teaching session or presentation, as this is the only way we can learn to improve our practice.

Hamlet Becomes Modern Through Technology Essay - 973 Words

Hamlet by William Shakespeare is one play that has intrigued people for over four hundred years. There have been as many productions as there have been days since the original play 1596-1603. Each production has been different from the next one, no matter where performed or by whom. One film reproduction of Hamlet released in the year 2000, was directed by and stared Etahan Hawke as Hamlet and Julia Styles as Ophelia. This essay will refer to this film as Hamlet 2000 and the original play as Hamlet or text. To compare the text to the film Hamlet 2000 will be divided into three groups, language, setting / plot line and lastly the characters. All though the speech is taken only from the text, the film Hamlet 2000 is vastly different,†¦show more content†¦In an interview Ethan Hawke (Hamlet in Hamlet 2000) stated â€Å"memorizing Shakespeares dialogue for the first time, using the natural Iambic Pentameter. It works in a rhythm, and the rhythm perpetuates itself. Its easier than learning a volume of contemporary prose. Also, his ideas are very logical† making it sound as if memorizing his lines had been easy. Shakespeare is known for his rhythmic writing style. When Hamlet speaks it flows and sounds natural. Hawke also said â€Å" the subtext of the characters is all right there in the writing. Everything theyre thinking and feeling is presented to you† and you can see that in his acting. Hamlets offbeat manner and eccentrically passive style is what makes believable. The rest of the cast, however, seems to lack the ability to be as convincing. The biggest change in Hamlet 2000 changes the setting for a modern day city and by doing so the director is able to bring additional help from technology the audience can understand the charechters without the use of words. The use of a video camera that Hamlet is constantly caring and using, helps the audience to understand what Hamlet feels by showing us clips of video. 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